MONIZAM PRAVDE I DUALIZAM SOCIJALNE PRAVDE U SOCIJALNIM POLITIKAMA

The term of social justice is used in social policy as the first and main principle without sufficient clarification of the term justice. This study brings a view of understanding of the term justice in theology, philosophy, law and economy and it evaluates them from the perspective of (1) understating of justice as an opposite to injustice, i.e. dualistic understanding or from the perspective of (2) understanding of justice that is defined without such an opposite, i.e. monistic understanding. According to this, it recommends applying more precise partial principles of merit, solidarity, participation, etc. instead of the dualistic and wide understanding of the principle of social justice in social policy and to apply the principle of justice in the monistic approach as a last and ultimate principle in designing systems of social policy.Pojam socijalne pravde koristi se u socijalnim politikama kao primarno i glavno načelo bez dostatnog objašnjenja pojma pravde. U ovom radu opisuje se kako se pojam pravde tumači u teologiji, filozofiji, pravu i ekonomiji te se ta tumačenja ocjenjuju iz perspektive (1) svođenja pravde na opreku nepravdi, odnosno dualističkog tumačenja tog pojma ili iz perspektive (2) prema kojoj pravda nema svoju oprečnost, odnosno monističkog tumačenja. S obzirom na to, u radu se preporučuje da se u socijalnim politikama koriste preciznija parcijalna načela poput zasluga, solidarnosti, participacije i sl. umjesto dualističkog i širokog tumačenja načela socijalne pravde. Primjena načela pravde u monističkom smislu preporučuje se tek kao posljednje i krajnje načelo u osmišljavanju sustava socijalne politike

SOCIOLOGY, POLITOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICY IN DEVELOPMENT AND MUTUAL RELATIONS IN SLOVAKIA, THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND POLAND

Public policy, as the youngest of the political sciences, began to take shape in the early 1950s in the field of political science, particularly in the United States, under the influence of empirical research in the framework of the so called Policy Analysis. The use of sociological methods in this research was one of the factors that shifted political science toward public policy theory, while sociological inspiration was also present in the theoretical plane of this shift (for example, the influence of J. Dewey on H. Lasswell, etc.). Alongside, the American school, in Germany Politikfeldanalysen developed in a partly different direction, and the French politique publique with the strongest influence of sociology. Some attention has already been given to comparing these “national schools” in the development of public policy and its theory in these “classical” countries. The present study compares the course of the interaction between political science, sociology, and public policy in three Central European countries – the Czech Republic, Slovakia, and Poland – where these relations were able to develop only following the establishment of democratic social order in the early 1990s. Both in the Czech and Slovak Republic, during totalitarian political system political sciences ceased to exist and when back in 1990s they were restored, sociologists participated as well, which, in turn had positive impact on the start of public policy within the framework of political sciences. In Poland, however, the politology cal science survived in a format under influence of ideology, but it did not established a framework to give rise to public policy, that was here replaced by other sciences

A phonocardiographic-based fiber-optic sensor and adaptive filtering system for noninvasive continuous fetal heart rate monitoring

This paper focuses on the design, realization, and verification of a novel phonocardiographic-based fiber-optic sensor and adaptive signal processing system for noninvasive continuous fetal heart rate (fHR) monitoring. Our proposed system utilizes two Mach-Zehnder interferometeric sensors. Based on the analysis of real measurement data, we developed a simplified dynamic model for the generation and distribution of heart sounds throughout the human body. Building on this signal model, we then designed, implemented, and verified our adaptive signal processing system by implementing two stochastic gradient-based algorithms: the Least Mean Square Algorithm (LMS), and the Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) Algorithm. With this system we were able to extract the fHR information from high quality fetal phonocardiograms (fPCGs), filtered from abdominal maternal phonocardiograms (mPCGs) by performing fPCG signal peak detection. Common signal processing methods such as linear filtering, signal subtraction, and others could not be used for this purpose as fPCG and mPCG signals share overlapping frequency spectra. The performance of the adaptive system was evaluated by using both qualitative (gynecological studies) and quantitative measures such as: Signal-to-Noise Ratio-SNR, Root Mean Square Error-RMSE, Sensitivity-S+, and Positive Predictive Value-PPV.Web of Science174art. no. 89

Correlative Raman imaging and scanning electron microscopy: The role of single Ga islands in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of graphene

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a perspective nondestructive analytic technique enabling the detection of individual nanoobjects, even single molecules. In this paper, we have studied the morphology of Ga islands deposited on chemical vapor deposition graphene by ultrahigh vacuum evaporation and local optical response of this system by the correlative Raman imaging and scanning electron microscopy (RISE). Contrary to the previous papers, where only an integral Raman response from the whole ununiformed Ga nanoparticles (NPs) ensembles on graphene was investigated, the RISE technique has enabled us to detect graphene Raman peaks enhanced by single Ga islands and particularly to correlate the Raman signal with the shape and size of these single particles. In this way and by a support of numerical simulations, we have proved a plasmonic nature of the Raman signal enhancement related to localized surface plasmon resonances. It has been found that this enhancement is island-size-dependent and shows a maximum for medium-sized Ga islands. A reasonable agreement between the simulations of the plasmon enhancement of electric fields in the vicinity of Ga islands and the experimental intensities of corresponding Raman peaks proved the plasmonic origin of the observed effect known as SERS. © 2022 American Chemical Society.European Commission, EC: 71020004, 810626; Grantová Agentura České Republiky, GA ČRCzech Science FoundationGrant Agency of the Czech Republic [20-28573S]; European Commission (H2020-Twininning project)European Commission [810626.SINNCE, M-ERA NET HYSUCAP/TACR-TH71020004]; *BUT*.specific research [*FSI-S-20-648*5]; Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (CzechNanoLab Research Infrastructure) [LM2018110

XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách

Title in English: 25th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences: Conference proceedings The conference proceedings consists of papers presented at the 25th International Colloquium on Regional Sciences that was organized by Department of Regional Economics and Administration FEA MU. It contains 57 articles arranged by topic. The individual articles deal with e.g. socioeconomic disparities among regions, regional policy, territory attractiveness, tourism, or regional public administration

Niektoré stránky vývoja východného Slovenska a Zakarpatska v dvadsiatom storočí

The author of the study presents the main features of the historical development of the current eastern Slovakia and the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine. He describes mainly economic and political life of both regions in the interwar period, during the war, in the postwar years, during socialist development phase and aer its end. S. Konechny shows some common features and processes that determined the similar trends and facilitate co-operation to this day

Public policy or the birth of (new) science

W artykule zawarto przegląd genezy i rozwoju polityki publicznej jako oddzielnej dyscypliny naukowej w kontekście europejskim, szczególnie w środowisku nauk politycznych, w wyniku zmian w obiektywnej rzeczywistości oraz rozwoju metod, wśród których dominuje wpływ socjologii. Porównano ten rozwój, który opóźnił się w Europie Środkowej w relacji do Europy Zachodniej o kilka dziesięcioleci, i przeanalizowano przyczyny i konsekwencje tego przesunięcia, szczególnie w Czechach, na Słowacji i w Polsce. Podczas gdy w Czechach i na Słowacji nauki polityczne powstały faktycznie dopiero w latach 90., w Polsce z odrębną tradycją stały się tylko jednym ze źródeł kształtowania polityki publicznej (a niektórzy naukowcy nawet to odrzucili), a podstawą dla niej stały się polityka społeczna, nauka administracyjna i bezpośrednio poszczególne dyscypliny socjologiczne (np. socjotechnika) itp. Rezultatem tego jest częściowo odmienny rozwój tej nowej dyscypliny naukowej. Artykuł może być zatem źródłem inspiracji dla takiego kształtowania polityki publicznej w Polsce, która będzie bliższa jej profilowi w krajach Europy Środkowej. Z drugiej strony polskie doświadczenia są również wielką inspiracją dla otaczających państw.  The study provides an overview of the origin and development of public policy as an independent scientific discipline in the European context, especially in the political science environment as a consequence of changes in objective reality and as a consequence of the development of methods dominant among which was the influence of sociology. It compares this development, which has shifted over time in Central Europe compared to Western Europe by several decades, and analyzes the causes and differences as consequences of this shift, especially in Central Europe, especially in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland. Due to the interruption of the natural development of the social sciences in this part of Europe, the emerging theory of public policy seeks its origins both in the existing Western European-American political science tradition but also in social policy and, for example in Poland, more in administrative and legal sciences as well as in a wider range of sociological disciplines - and again, compared to other countries in the region, much less in the context of political science. All this has its specific causes, leading to similar differences in approaches to public policy as we perceive them between German, French and American public policy, which enriches the forms of this new scientific discipline.

Viešųjų interesų teisėtumas viešojoje politikoje

In various sciences, the term legitimacy is used with differing meanings. In practice, in law it is the legitimacy of the legislative act, in political science it is the legitimacy of power, etc. Even the term interest, or public interest,, is interpreted differently in various sciences (in law, economics, political science, etc.). In public policy theory, P. Rosanvallon’s understanding of democratic legitimacy proves to be productive, together with F. W. Scharpf’s input and output legitimacy, which leads to a differentiation between the input legitimacy of group interests and the output legitimacy of interests, legitimated by the public.Įvairiuose mokslo srityse terminas teisėtumas vartojamas skirtingomis reikšmėmis, tačiau praktiškai tai yra įstatymo teisėtumas, politologijoje – valdžios teisėtumas ir pan. Taip pat sąvoka interesas, tiksliau viešasis interesas, interpretuojama skirtingai skirtinguose mokslo srityse (teisėje, ekonomikoje, politologijoje ir t. t.). Pasirodo, kad viešosios politikos teorijoje yra produktyvu suprasti P. Rosanvallono demokratinį teisėtumą bei F. W. Scharpfo teisėtumo įvedimą (input) ir išvedimą (output), kuo paskui grindžiamas skirstymas į įvedamą teisėtumą, t. y. grupių interesų teisėtumą, ir išvedamą teisėtumą, t. y. visuomenės įteisintų interesų teisėtumą

K vymedzeniu predmetu sociálnej politiky

The article deals with defining of the object of social policy. Classifies the most common approaches to the definition and evaluates them. Regarded as the best option for the definition of the object of social policy is through the categories of social contingency and extends the definition of the (social) contingency with cases where this is not covered by the laws and intervention by the state